Guides
Short, practical reads on how to actually learn a language: verb conjugation, vocabulary and the spaced-repetition method.
English
English irregular verbs: the ones worth memorisingMost English verbs just add -ed. A small set of irregular verbs (go, have, take, see) carry most everyday speech. Here is how to learn their forms without brute force.The spelling traps in -s, -ing and -edEven regular English verbs hide spelling rules: doubled consonants, dropped e, y turning to i. A short reference for getting third person, -ing and past tense spelling right.American vs British English: what actually differsColour or color, lift or elevator, got or gotten. A practical map of where American and British English diverge: spelling, vocabulary and a few grammar forms, and why it matters which one you learn.Spanish
Ser vs estar: which “to be” to useSpanish has two verbs for “to be”: ser and estar. A clear, example-driven rule for choosing the right one every time.The Spanish subjunctive, explained simplyThe subjunctive is a mood, not a tense. Learn the triggers (wishes, doubt, emotion, the unreal) and it stops being scary.Preterite vs imperfect: two Spanish pastsSpanish has two simple past tenses. The preterite is for completed events; the imperfect is for background and habits. Here is how to tell them apart.Por vs para: a practical guideBoth por and para can translate as “for”, but they cover different ideas: cause vs purpose, route vs destination. A clear split with examples.The 50 Spanish verbs to learn firstA frequency-first list of the most useful Spanish verbs, the ones that unlock most everyday conversation, and how to drill them.Spanish reflexive verbs made clearReflexive verbs like levantarse and llamarse use a pronoun that points back to the subject. Learn how they work and when Spanish uses them.