Tenses and moods explained

When to use each tense, endings, irregular verbs and examples.

Spanish · 16 tenses

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presenteActions now, habits, universal truths.pretérito indefinidoCompleted past actions (single event).pretérito imperfectoOngoing/habitual past actions, descriptions.futuro simpleFuture actions, predictions, present conjecture.condicional simpleWhat 'would' happen, polite requests, advice.pretérito perfectoPast actions connected to present ('have done').presente de subjuntivoWishes, doubts, emotions, subjectivity.pretérito pluscuamperfectoAction before another past action ('had done').futuro perfectoAction completed by a future point ('will have done').condicional compuestoHypothetical past action ('would have done').imperfecto de subjuntivoPast hypotheticals, polite requests, reported commands.imperativo afirmativoPositive commands, orders, suggestions ('Do it!').

German · 10 tenses

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PräsensThe present tense: actions happening now, habits and general facts.PerfektThe spoken past: haben/sein + past participle.PräteritumThe narrative past, used in writing and for sein/haben/modals.ImperativCommands for du, ihr, wir and the formal Sie.Futur IFuture and assumptions: werden + infinitive.PlusquamperfektAn action before another past action: hatte/war + participle.Konjunktiv II GegenwartHypotheses and polite requests: würde + infinitive, or synthetic forms.Konjunktiv II VergangenheitUnreal past: hätte/wäre + past participle.Konjunktiv I GegenwartReported speech, mainly in the 3rd person singular.Futur IICompleted future or assumption: werden + participle + haben/sein.

English · 4 tenses

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third personThe -s form used with he/she/it in the Present Simple.present participleThe -ing form: continuous tenses and the gerund.past simpleThe second verb form: finished actions in the past.past participleThe third verb form: perfect tenses and the passive.

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