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Connectors · English

Conjunctions, adverbs, fillers. 131 English words, A1 through C2, with translations and example sentences.

A1

adjectivenoun
adjective
"Big", "red", and "happy" are adjectives.
adverbnoun
adverb
"Quickly" and "very" are adverbs.
againadv
again
Say it again, please.
alphabetnoun
alphabet
Children learn the alphabet before they start to read.
alreadyadv
already
The bus has already left.
alsoadv
also
She also speaks Portuguese.
articlenoun
article
English uses the articles "a", "an", and "the".
capital letternoun
capital letter
Every sentence begins with a capital letter.
commanoun
comma
Put a comma after each item in a list.
definitionnoun
definition
Look up the definition of the word in a dictionary.
downadv
down
Slow down, we’re early.
examplenoun
example
Can you give an example of how to use this word?
exclamation pointnoun
exclamation point
An exclamation point shows strong emotion or emphasis.
grammarnoun
grammar
Good grammar helps you communicate more clearly.
hereadv
here
Here is my ticket.
letternoun
letter
The English alphabet has twenty-six letters.
maybeadv
maybe
Maybe we’ll go to the lake.
meaningnoun
meaning
What is the meaning of the word "serendipity"?
nounnoun
noun
"Dog" and "city" are nouns.
objectnoun
object
In "She reads books", "books" is the object.
onlyadv
only
We have only five minutes.
phrasenoun
phrase
A phrase is a group of words that forms a unit.
pluralnoun
plural
Add "-s" to most nouns to form the plural.
prepositionnoun
preposition
"In", "on", and "at" are prepositions.
pronounnoun
pronoun
"I", "you", "he", and "they" are pronouns.
pronunciationnoun
pronunciation
Her pronunciation improved after living abroad for a year.
question marknoun
question mark
A question mark comes at the end of a direct question.
sentencenoun
sentence
A sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.
singularnoun
singular
"Cat" is singular; "cats" is plural.
spellingnoun
spelling
Check your spelling before submitting your essay.
syllablenoun
syllable
The word "beautiful" has three syllables.
thereadv
there
Put the boxes over there.
translationnoun
translation
The translation of the poem lost some of the original rhythm.
upadv
up
Look up at the stars.
verbnoun
verb
"Run", "eat", and "be" are verbs.
veryadv
very
The museum is very popular.
vocabularynoun
vocabulary
Reading widely is the best way to build your vocabulary.
wordnoun
word
How many words do you know in English?

A2Premium

activeadj
active
“The dog bit the man” is an active sentence.
apostrophenoun
apostrophe
An apostrophe is used in contractions and possessives.
auxiliary verbnoun
auxiliary verb
"Do" is an auxiliary verb used to form questions and negatives.
clausenoun
clause
A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a sentence.
colonnoun
colon
Use a colon to introduce a list or a quotation.
comparativeadj
comparative
Add "-er" to form the comparative of short adjectives.
conjunctionnoun
conjunction
Conjunctions like "and", "but", and "because" link clauses.
continuousadj
continuous
The present continuous describes an action happening right now.
countableadj
countable
A countable noun can be used with "a" and has a plural form.
determinernoun
determiner
Determiners such as "the", "this", and "every" come before nouns.
future tensenoun
future tense
Use "will" to form the future tense in English.
gerundnoun
gerund
Swimming is the gerund form of the verb "swim".
hyphennoun
hyphen
A hyphen joins two words to form a compound adjective.
infinitivenoun
infinitive
The infinitive is the base form of the verb, often with "to".
interjectionnoun
interjection
"Oh!", "Wow!" and "Oops!" are interjections.
irregularadj
irregular
The verb "go" is irregular: its past form is "went".
modal verbnoun
modal verb
Modal verbs like "can", "must", and "should" express ability or obligation.
paragraphnoun
paragraph
Start a new paragraph when you introduce a new idea.
participlenoun
participle
The past participle of "write" is "written".
passiveadj
passive
In the passive voice, the subject receives the action.
past tensenoun
past tense
Use the past tense to talk about completed actions.
perfectadj
perfect
The present perfect links the past to the present.
possessiveadj
possessive
Add an apostrophe-s to make a noun possessive.
present tensenoun
present tense
The present tense describes current or habitual actions.
quotation marksnoun
quotation marks
Place quotation marks around a direct quotation.
reasonnoun
reason
Give me one good reason.
regularadj
regular
Regular verbs form their past tense by adding "-ed".
semicolonnoun
semicolon
A semicolon links two closely related independent clauses.
superlativeadj
superlative
“Best” is the superlative of “good”.
tensenoun
tense
English has twelve main tenses.
uncountableadj
uncountable
Water is uncountable and cannot be preceded by "a".
unfortunatelyadv
unfortunately
Unfortunately, the tickets are sold out.

B1Premium

antonymnoun
antonym
"Hot" and "cold" are antonyms.
colloquialadj
colloquial
The slang terms are too colloquial for a business report.
compound wordnoun
compound word
"Sunflower" and "toothbrush" are compound words.
conditionalnoun
conditional
The second conditional is used for hypothetical situations.
consonantnoun
consonant
The word "strength" has six consonants in a row.
contractionnoun
contraction
In informal writing, contractions such as "can't" and "don't" are common.
diphthongnoun
diphthong
The vowel sound in "coin" is a diphthong.
discourse markernoun
discourse marker
Discourse markers like "however" and "in addition" organize text.
ellipsisnoun
ellipsis
An ellipsis (...) shows that words have been omitted.
idiomnoun
idiom
The phrase "kick the bucket" is an idiom meaning to die.
informaladj
informal
Informal language is fine in emails to friends.
intonationnoun
intonation
Rising intonation at the end of a sentence signals a question.
metaphornoun
metaphor
Calling life a journey is a common metaphor.
morphemenoun
morpheme
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language.
paraphraseverb
paraphrase
Try to paraphrase the idea in your own words.
phonemenoun
phoneme
English has approximately 44 phonemes but only 26 letters.
prefixnoun
prefix
The prefix "un-" means not, as in "unhappy".
registernoun
register
Switching register from formal to informal can sound jarring.
relative clausenoun
relative clause
A relative clause gives more information about a noun.
reported speechnoun
reported speech
In reported speech, tenses usually shift back in time.
root wordnoun
root word
The root word of "unhelpful" is "help".
suffixnoun
suffix
The suffix "-ness" forms nouns from adjectives.
synonymnoun
synonym
"Happy" and "joyful" are synonyms.
syntaxnoun
syntax
Syntax studies how words are combined to form sentences.
vowelnoun
vowel
English has five vowel letters but many more vowel sounds.
word ordernoun
word order
English has a fixed subject-verb-object word order.

B2Premium

ambiguitynoun
ambiguity
The sentence "I saw the man with the telescope" has structural ambiguity.
code-switchingnoun
code-switching
Bilingual speakers engage in code-switching, shifting between languages mid-conversation.
collocationnoun
collocation
In English, you "make" a decision but "do" homework; these are collocations.
connotationnoun
connotation
The word "slim" has a positive connotation; "skinny" a negative one.
creolenoun
creole
Haitian Creole developed from French mixed with West African languages.
denotationnoun
denotation
The denotation of "home" is a place where one lives.
dialectnoun
dialect
The Yorkshire dialect differs significantly from standard English.
etymologynoun
etymology
The etymology of "salary" traces back to the Latin word for salt.
euphemismnoun
euphemism
"Passed away" is a common euphemism for "died".
lingua francanoun
lingua franca
English has become the global lingua franca of business and science.
morphologynoun
morphology
Morphology studies how words are formed from smaller units.
phonologynoun
phonology
Phonology focuses on the sound systems of languages.
pidginnoun
pidgin
A pidgin is a simplified language that develops between speakers of different languages.
pragmaticsnoun
pragmatics
Pragmatics examines how context shapes the interpretation of language.
semanticsnoun
semantics
Semantics studies the meaning of words and sentences.

C1Premium

articulateadj
articulate
She is articulate and persuasive.
cognatenoun
cognate
"Night" and German "Nacht" are cognates.
conciseadj
concise
Keep your answer concise.
inadvertentlyadv
inadvertently
I inadvertently deleted the file.
lexiconnoun
lexicon
The word entered the everyday lexicon.
literaladj
literal
That is the literal meaning.
nuancenoun
nuance
Translation often loses subtle nuance.
obscureadj
obscure
He quoted an obscure poet.
phoneticsnoun
phonetics
Phonetics studies speech sounds.
subtextnoun
subtext
There is an angry subtext to her note.
verboseadj
verbose
His writing is dense and verbose.

C2Premium

coherentadj
coherent
The essay needs a coherent structure.
delineateverb
delineate
The essay clearly delineates each argument.
eloquentadj
eloquent
He gave an eloquent speech.
figurativeadj
figurative
The phrase is meant in a figurative sense.
indubitablyadv
indubitably
She is indubitably the best candidate.
ostensiblyadv
ostensibly
He called, ostensibly to ask about work.
rhetoricnoun
rhetoric
Her rhetoric swayed the audience.
spuriousadj
spurious
The claim rests on spurious reasoning.
tantamountadj
tantamount
Silence is tantamount to agreement.

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